Interneurons are one of the most important cell types found in the central nervous system (CNS). They are the mediators between different neural networks and are involved in a wide range of functions, including communication, coordination, and integration of information. Interneurons are also involved in various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. This article provides an overview of interneurons and their roles in both health and disease.
Interneurons are small, highly specialized neurons that are found between other neurons in the CNS. They are responsible for connecting different neuronal networks and are responsible for the integration of sensory information. Interneurons play a vital role in the regulation of neuronal activity and are responsible for the coordination of neuronal communication. Interneurons are also important for the processing of sensory information and for the generation of motor commands.
Interneurons can be divided into two main classes: excitatory and inhibitory. Excitatory interneurons are responsible for increasing the activity of other neurons, while inhibitory interneurons are responsible for decreasing the activity of other neurons. The balance between these two types of interneurons is essential for the proper functioning of the CNS.
Interneurons are also involved in various pathological conditions. For example, they play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, interneurons are involved in the development of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism.
In summary, interneurons are an important class of neurons that are involved in the integration of sensory information and the regulation of neuronal activity. They are also involved in various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.
References
Fernandez, S. M., & Pereda, E. (2020). The role of interneurons in the regulation of neuronal activity. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 545. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00545
Tsai, F.-T., & Chiou, L.-C. (2020). Role of interneurons in neurological diseases. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 544. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00544
Wilson, A., & Hebb, A. (2019). Interneurons in the brain: Structure, function, and pathology. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 103, 48-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.003