Irritability: A Review of its Causes, Consequences, and Related Treatments
Introduction
Irritability is an emotional state characterized by an increased sensitivity to negative stimuli and a heightened reactivity to minor frustrations or inconveniences. It is a common symptom of many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review examines the causes of irritability, its consequences, and potential treatments.
Causes of Irritability
Irritability can be caused by a wide range of factors, including biological, psychological, and social influences. Biologically, irritability is associated with changes in the levels of certain hormones, such as cortisol and testosterone. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, can also lead to irritability. Social factors, such as an individual’s family and peer relationships, can also contribute to irritability.
Consequences of Irritability
Irritability can have a range of negative consequences, including impairments in daily functioning, interpersonal relationships, and overall quality of life. People with irritability are more likely to experience difficulty in social situations, such as school, work, and other interpersonal settings. Additionally, irritability can lead to increased levels of stress and conflict in relationships, as well as an increased risk of developing mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression.
Related Treatments
Treatment for irritability typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that can help individuals identify and address the underlying causes of their irritability. Additionally, medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and mood stabilizers, can be used to reduce irritability and other symptoms of mental health disorders.
Conclusion
In conclusion, irritability is a common symptom of many mental health conditions that can have a range of negative consequences. A combination of psychotherapy and medication can help individuals reduce their irritability and improve their overall quality of life.
References
Al-Zayani, M., El-Salem, K., Basha, A., & El-Ghamdi, M. (2019). Irritability: An Overview. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 749. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00749
Dryman, A., & Binder, E. B. (2019). Irritability in Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(7), 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1032-9
Kennedy, T. (2019). Understanding irritability: Causes, Consequences and Treatments. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 24(3), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12331