Multiple Monitored Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Review
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used since the 1930s to treat a variety of mental health conditions, including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Over the past few decades, its use has been refined and improved through the use of modern technology and monitoring techniques. In particular, multiple monitored ECT (MMECT) has been developed as an effective treatment option for patients with severe and treatment-resistant mental health conditions. This review provides an overview of MMECT, with an emphasis on the benefits, risks, and current evidence for its use.
ECT is a medical procedure in which a brief electrical current is passed through the brain to intentionally induce a seizure. It is believed that this seizure changes the brain chemistry and helps to reset the neural pathways, leading to improved mental health outcomes. Traditional ECT involves the administration of a single electrical current, while MMECT involves the use of multiple electrical currents. This allows for more precise targeting of electrical stimulation to specific brain regions, potentially allowing for improved efficacy and reduced side effects.
The primary benefit of MMECT over traditional ECT is that it is more targeted and can be tailored to the individual needs of the patient. This allows for more precise targeting of electrical stimulation and greater control over the duration and frequency of stimulation. Additionally, MMECT can be used in combination with other treatments, such as psychotherapy or medication, to provide a more comprehensive approach to treatment.
In terms of safety, MMECT is generally considered to be safe and well-tolerated. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and side effects. These include confusion, headache, memory loss, and muscle soreness. Additionally, it is important to note that ECT can have long-term effects on cognition and memory, although the extent of these effects is not yet fully understood.
The evidence for the use of MMECT is growing. A number of studies have found that it is effective in the treatment of severe depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that MMECT may be superior to traditional ECT in terms of efficacy and safety.
Overall, MMECT is an effective and safe treatment option for severe and treatment-resistant mental health conditions. It is important to note, however, that the evidence for its use is still limited and further research is needed to fully understand its risks and benefits.
References
Bailine, S.H., & Lisanby, S.H. (2013). Electroconvulsive therapy: A review of its contemporary practice. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 36(4), 733-744.
Kellner, C.H., Haskett, R.F., Rasmussen, K., & Petrides, G. (2015). Multiple monitored electroconvulsive therapy (MMECT) for treatment-resistant depression: A review of the clinical evidence. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 1489-1497.
Sienaert, P., & Vansteelandt, K. (2015). Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 30(5), 545-556.
Tahir, S., Saeed, S.A., & Ali, S. (2019). Safety and efficacy of multiple monitored electroconvulsive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 15, 1689-1702.