Myoclonic Epilepsy: A Review
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes recurrent seizures. Myoclonic epilepsy is a type of epilepsy that is characterized by myoclonic seizures. Myoclonic seizures are brief, shock-like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles. This review will discuss the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of myoclonic epilepsy.
Causes
Myoclonic epilepsy can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Mutations of certain genes, such as SCN1A, GABRG2, and GABRD, have been linked to myoclonic epilepsy (Lai, 2018). Additionally, some metabolic disorders, such as mitochondrial disorders, can also cause myoclonic epilepsy (Lai, 2018). Environmental factors, such as head trauma, hypoxia, and exposure to certain drugs, can also increase the risk of developing myoclonic epilepsy (Lai, 2018).
Diagnosis
Myoclonic epilepsy is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and neurological testing. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is often used to diagnose myoclonic epilepsy, as it can detect abnormal brain activity associated with seizures (Lai, 2018). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans may also be used to rule out any structural abnormalities in the brain (Lai, 2018).
Treatment
Myoclonic epilepsy is typically treated with anticonvulsant medications. These medications are used to reduce the frequency and severity of the seizures (Lai, 2018). Additionally, lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding triggers, can help reduce the frequency and severity of myoclonic seizures (Lai, 2018). In some cases, surgery may be used to treat myoclonic epilepsy if medications are not effective (Lai, 2018).
Conclusion
Myoclonic epilepsy is a type of epilepsy that is characterized by myoclonic seizures. These seizures are brief, shock-like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles. Myoclonic epilepsy can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and neurological testing. Treatment of myoclonic epilepsy typically involves anticonvulsant medications, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgery.
References
Lai, S. (2018). Epilepsy: A comprehensive overview. Neurology Clinics, 36(4), 867–885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2018.06.002