Myoclonus is a condition characterized by sudden, involuntary jerking movements of a muscle or group of muscles. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, and medications. In this article, we will discuss the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of myoclonus.
Myoclonus is classified into two main categories: primary myoclonus and secondary myoclonus. Primary myoclonus is caused by an abnormality in the central nervous system (CNS) and is the most common type of myoclonus. It is usually associated with a disorder such as a seizure disorder, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, or a metabolic disorder. Secondary myoclonus is caused by an underlying medical condition such as an infection, side effects of medications, or an electrolyte imbalance.
Myoclonus can be diagnosed through a physical examination, a neurological exam, imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan, and laboratory tests. In some cases, a muscle biopsy may be necessary to rule out other causes of myoclonus.
Treatment for myoclonus depends on the underlying cause. Treatments may include medications, physical therapy, and relaxation techniques. Surgery may be recommended in cases where the myoclonus is caused by a tumor or other structural abnormality in the brain.
In conclusion, myoclonus is a condition characterized by sudden, involuntary jerking movements of a muscle or group of muscles. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, and medications. Diagnosis is made through a physical examination, a neurological exam, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. Treatment for myoclonus depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, physical therapy, and relaxation techniques.
References
Barlow, K. H. (2020). Myoclonus. In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
Gonzalez-Alegre, P., & Jankovic, J. (2007). Myoclonus: a review. Movement Disorders, 22(7), 903-914.
Marmarou, A., & Poulas, K. (2015). Myoclonus: Definition, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management. In International Review of Neurobiology (Vol. 121, pp. 217-252). Academic Press.