Open Head Injury: An Overview
Abstract
Open head injuries occur when the skull is penetrated by a foreign object, such as a bullet or a sharp object, leading to an external and/or internal head injury. This article provides an overview of open head injuries, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and long-term complications.
Introduction
Open head injuries are a form of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the skull is penetrated by a foreign object, such as a bullet or sharp object. Open head injuries can result in external wounds, such as lacerations, or internal damage to the brain. Open head injuries can cause both physical and psychological damage, and may have long-term complications.
Causes
Open head injuries can be caused by a variety of events, including motor vehicle accidents, physical assaults, construction accidents, and falls. Open head injuries can also be caused by gunshot wounds and stab wounds.
Symptoms
The symptoms of open head injuries can vary greatly depending on the severity of the injury. Common symptoms can include nausea, dizziness, confusion, vision problems, and difficulty speaking and understanding language. Other symptoms include seizures, headaches, and loss of consciousness.
Diagnosis
Open head injuries are typically diagnosed through a physical exam and a series of tests, such as a CT scan, MRI, or EEG. These tests can help to determine the extent of the injury and any associated complications.
Treatment
The treatment for open head injuries depends on the severity of the injury. Treatment can include rest, medications to reduce swelling, physical therapy, and surgical procedures. In some cases, a shunt may be required to relieve pressure on the brain.
Long-term Complications
Open head injuries can have long-term consequences, including cognitive impairments, physical disabilities, and emotional disturbances. In some cases, patients may experience post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, or difficulty concentrating.
Conclusion
Open head injuries are a serious form of traumatic brain injury that can have long-term physical, cognitive, and psychological effects. It is important for individuals who have experienced an open head injury to seek medical attention and follow any recommended treatments in order to reduce the risk of long-term complications.
References
American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS). (2020). Open head injury. Retrieved from https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Open-Head-Injury
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). Traumatic brain injury. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/symptoms.html
Mayo Clinic. (2020). Traumatic brain injury. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20378557