Ptyalism, also known as sialorrhea, is a condition characterized by excessive drooling. It is a common symptom of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, and can also be caused by certain medications, medical conditions, or allergies. This article will discuss the causes, diagnosis, and management of ptyalism.
Causes
Ptyalism is most commonly caused by neurological disorders. Parkinson’s disease, for example, can cause involuntary muscle contractions in the mouth and throat, resulting in excessive drooling. Other neurological disorders, such as cerebral palsy, can also cause ptyalism. In addition, certain medications, such as antipsychotics and anticholinergics, can cause drooling. Medical conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and allergies, can also cause ptyalism.
Diagnosis
Ptyalism is usually diagnosed based on a physical examination and patient history. The doctor may ask questions about the patient’s medical history, medications, and neurological symptoms. In addition, the doctor may perform tests, such as blood tests, to rule out other causes of the drooling.
Management
The treatment of ptyalism depends on the underlying cause. For patients with a neurological disorder, such as Parkinson’s disease, treatment may include medications to reduce involuntary muscle contractions. Antihistamines may be prescribed to treat allergies, and GERD can be treated with medications to reduce acid reflux. In addition, the patient may need to wear a bib or other protective garment to prevent clothing from becoming wet.
Conclusion
Ptyalism is a condition characterized by excessive drooling. It is usually caused by neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, and can also be caused by certain medications, medical conditions, or allergies. Diagnosis is based on a physical examination and patient history, and treatment depends on the underlying cause. With proper diagnosis and treatment, ptyalism can be managed.
References
Coleman, E. C., & Ferrell, B. A. (2018). Diagnosis and management of drooling. American Family Physician, 97(8), 517-522.
Kumar, P., & Panda, N. (2017). Drooling: Causes and management. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 84(1), 6-10.
Lambert, E. V., & Perlmutter, J. S. (2011). Ptyalism: Diagnosis and management. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 11(3), 275-281.