Tag: acne treatment

January 20, 2026 / Mohammed looti

ISOTRETINOIN

Isotretinoin: A Comprehensive Review Isotretinoin, chemically known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, represents one of the most powerful and effective pharmacological agents available for the treatment of severe, recalcitrant acne vulgaris. Classified as a first-generation oral retinoid, this medication is a derivative of Vitamin A (retinol). Its introduction revolutionized dermatology by offering a definitive treatment path for […]

November 4, 2025 / Mohammed looti

REFRACTORY

Introduction to the Concept of Refractoriness The term refractory is employed across medicine, pathology, and neurophysiology to describe a fundamental state of unresponsiveness or resistance. In its broadest application, it signifies an inability to react to a stimulus or treatment that would typically elicit a positive response. This concept is crucial for understanding the limitations […]