Isotretinoin: A Comprehensive Review
Isotretinoin, commonly referred to as Accutane, is a powerful and effective medication used to treat severe acne. It is a retinoid, meaning it is derived from Vitamin A and is used to reduce inflammation and oil production in the skin. Isotretinoin is a common and effective treatment for severe acne, but it is associated with a number of potential adverse effects including dry skin, cracked lips, and mood changes. This article aims to provide an in-depth review of isotretinoin, including its use, mechanism of action, and potential adverse effects.
Uses
Isotretinoin is generally used to treat severe cystic acne that is unresponsive to other treatments. It can also be used to treat other forms of acne, such as nodular acne. Isotretinoin is typically used for a course of 4-6 months and works by reducing oil production in the skin. This helps to reduce inflammation and the occurrence of acne lesions.
Mechanism of Action
Isotretinoin works by reducing oil production in the skin. It does this by inhibiting an enzyme called Isotretinoin reductase, which is responsible for converting Vitamin A to an active form. By inhibiting this enzyme, isotretinoin reduces the formation of sebum, which is the oily substance that contributes to acne. In addition, isotretinoin also has anti-inflammatory properties, which further help to reduce inflammation and lesions associated with acne.
Adverse Effects
Although isotretinoin is generally safe and effective, it is associated with a number of potential adverse effects. The most common adverse effects include dry skin, cracked lips, and mood changes. Other potential adverse effects include skin irritation, muscle pain, joint pain, and decreased night vision.
Conclusion
Isotretinoin is a powerful and effective medication used to treat severe acne. It is a retinoid, meaning it is derived from Vitamin A, and works by reducing oil production in the skin. Isotretinoin is generally safe and effective, but it is associated with a number of potential adverse effects including dry skin, cracked lips, and mood changes.
References
Leyden, J., Del Rosso, J., Thiboutot, D., Webster, G., & Zaenglein, A. (2017). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 76(1), 106-115.
Kellett, S. C., & Gawkrodger, D. J. (2009). Dermatology: An Illustrated Colour Text. Elsevier Health Sciences.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Isotretinoin (marketed as Accutane) Information. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/isotretinoin-marketed-accutane-information