Talking Book: An Accessible Technology for Blind and Visually Impaired Individuals
Abstract
Talking books are a type of assistive technology designed to help individuals with visual impairment, such as blindness or low vision, access reading materials. This technology has been developed over the last century to enable blind and visually impaired individuals to access printed materials independently. This article examines the history of talking books, the different formats available, the benefits of using this technology, and some of the current challenges associated with its use.
Introduction
Blindness and low vision can be a significant obstacle to accessing printed materials. For centuries, blind and visually impaired individuals have relied on Braille, an embossed tactile writing system, to access written materials. However, Braille is not universally accessible, as it requires special equipment and considerable training to use (Daugherty, 2017). As a result, alternative solutions have been developed to enable these individuals to access printed materials independently. One such alternative is talking books, also known as audiobooks or audio-recorded books.
History of Talking Books
The modern talking book has its origins in the early 1900s, when Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell developed technology to enable blind individuals to access printed materials independently (Nash, 1999). In 1931, talking books were introduced in the United States with the establishment of the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) (Kirk, 2004). The NLS provided recorded books on vinyl records, and these were distributed to eligible individuals through a network of libraries. This system was later replaced by cassette tapes, which allowed for longer recordings and higher sound quality. In the early 2000s, digital talking books were introduced, allowing for the storage of large amounts of data on small disks (Kirk, 2004).
Formats of Talking Books
Talking books are available in a variety of formats, including cassette tapes, compact discs, and digital downloads. Each format has its own advantages and disadvantages. Cassette tapes are the oldest and most common format of talking books. They are inexpensive and durable, but have limited sound quality and a lower capacity for storing large amounts of data. Compact discs are more versatile and have better sound quality, but are more expensive and delicate than cassette tapes. Digital downloads are the newest and most popular format of talking books. They are convenient and have excellent sound quality, but require access to the internet and appropriate hardware.
Benefits of Talking Books
Talking books can provide a range of benefits for blind and visually impaired individuals. They can allow these individuals to access printed materials independently and at their own pace, without the need for assistance. Additionally, talking books can provide a more immersive experience than traditional printed books, as they can include sound effects and musical accompaniment. Talking books can also be used in a variety of settings, such as in the car or while exercising. Finally, talking books can help to reduce the stigma associated with visual impairment, as they can enable blind and visually impaired individuals to participate in activities that are typically enjoyed by sighted individuals, such as reading books or magazines.
Current Challenges
Despite the many benefits of talking books, there are still some challenges associated with their use. Firstly, talking books are often more expensive than traditional printed books. Secondly, talking books can be difficult to find, as many libraries and bookstores may not stock them. Additionally, talking books can be difficult to navigate, as the user must be able to locate and select the desired audio files. Finally, talking books can be difficult to use in certain settings, such as in a noisy environment or in a public place.
Conclusion
Talking books have been an important tool for enabling blind and visually impaired individuals to access printed materials independently. They are available in a variety of formats, and can provide a range of benefits, including improved accessibility and a more immersive reading experience. However, there are still some challenges associated with their use, such as cost, availability, and usability. As technology continues to develop, it is likely that these challenges will be addressed in the future.
References
Daugherty, S. (2017). The impact of Braille literacy on the lives of blind and visually impaired individuals. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 111(3), 181-190.
Kirk, A. (2004). Talking books: The history of the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. American Libraries, 35(6), 46-49.
Nash, T. (1999). The history of talking books. The New Advocate, 12(2), 129-136.