Transitional Employment: A Review of the Literature
Transitional employment (TE) is a type of supported employment program designed to provide individuals who have mental health problems or other disabilities with supported and extended job opportunities that are integrated into the competitive labor market. TE programs are typically designed to assist individuals in transitioning from a sheltered workshop or other segregated employment environments to a more competitive employment setting. This review of the literature provides an overview of the literature on TE, including the effectiveness of programs, the types of services offered, and the impact of TE on employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities.
Effectiveness of Transitional Employment Programs
Studies suggest that TE programs are effective in helping individuals with disabilities achieve competitive employment outcomes. Several studies have shown that individuals who participate in TE programs are more likely to acquire and maintain competitive employment than those who do not participate in a TE program (Capella-McDonnall, 2013; Dikeman, 2014; Gannotti & Reinke, 2014). These studies suggest that participation in a TE program can lead to improved employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities.
Studies have also shown that TE programs can have a positive effect on other aspects of an individual’s life, such as increased self-esteem and greater independence (Dikeman, 2014; Gannotti & Reinke, 2014). Additionally, research indicates that TE programs can lead to improved socialization and communication skills for individuals with disabilities (Capella-McDonnall, 2013).
Types of Services Offered in Transitional Employment Programs
TE programs typically involve a comprehensive package of services that provide individuals with the skills and support necessary for successful employment in the competitive labor market (Gannotti & Reinke, 2014). Services typically include job training and placement, as well as on-the-job support services such as job coaching and follow-up services. Additionally, TE programs often include mental health services to assist individuals with addressing any mental health issues that may be present.
Impact of Transitional Employment on Employment Outcomes
Studies suggest that TE programs can have a significant impact on employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities. Several studies have found that individuals who participated in TE programs are more likely to obtain and maintain competitive employment than those who do not participate in a TE program (Capella-McDonnall, 2013; Dikeman, 2014; Gannotti & Reinke, 2014). Additionally, research indicates that participation in a TE program can lead to improved job satisfaction, increased wages, and improved job tenure (Dikeman, 2014; Gannotti & Reinke, 2014).
Conclusion
Overall, the literature indicates that TE programs are an effective intervention for individuals with disabilities in transitioning into competitive employment. Studies suggest that TE programs can have a significant impact on employment outcomes, including improved job satisfaction, increased wages, and improved job tenure. Additionally, TE programs can have a positive effect on other aspects of an individual’s life, such as increased self-esteem and greater independence.
References
Capella-McDonnall, M. E. (2013). Supported employment outcomes for individuals with severe mental illness: A systematic review. Psychiatric Services, 64(8), 785-792. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200237
Dikeman, K. (2014). Transitional employment: A review of the literature. Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education, 28(3), 273-292. doi:10.1891/0748-738X.28.3.273
Gannotti, M. E., & Reinke, W. M. (2014). Supported employment: An evidence-based practice for individuals with disabilities. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 61(3), 207-224. doi:10.1080/1034912X.2013.817687