The term “Zeitgeist” is derived from the German words “Zeit”, meaning “time”, and “Geist”, meaning “spirit” or “ghost” (Dictionary.com, 2018). In a broad sense, the term refers to the spirit of the age, or the prevailing attitudes and beliefs of a particular time period. To understand the concept of Zeitgeist, it is important to consider …
Background Zolpidem, also known by its trade name Ambien, is a sedative-hypnotic drug used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It is a type of benzodiazepine receptor agonist which works by binding to the same receptors in the brain as benzodiazepines, but with a lower intensity. Zolpidem is effective for inducing and maintaining sleep, but …
Zuclopenthixol (ZPT) is an antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It is a thioxanthene derivative and its chemical name is 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-ol. ZPT has a unique pharmacological profile compared to other antipsychotics. It has potent serotonin-reuptake blocking activity, moderate dopamine receptor blocking activity and weak affinity for histamine and alpha-adrenergic …
“The Role of Zeitgeber in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms” Circadian rhythms are 24-hour biological rhythms that govern the regular fluctuations in physiological processes of animals and plants. These rhythms are driven by a variety of environmental cues, such as light and temperature, and are regulated by a process known as entrainment. Entrainment is the …
The Zeigarnik effect is a psychological phenomenon that describes the tendency of individuals to remember incomplete tasks more easily than completed tasks. It is named after the Russian psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik (1927), who first described the effect in her dissertation. The Zeigarnik effect has been studied extensively since its discovery, and its implications for memory …
Introduction Zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone derivative, is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic that has been available for more than 25 years. It is used to treat insomnia and is generally considered to be a safe and effective treatment option. The aim of this article is to review the pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of zopiclone. …
Introduction Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that have been widely used in recent decades. One of the most popular SSRIs is Zoloft (sertraline), which has been used to treat major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and other mental health conditions …
The Zollner Illusion is a classic optical illusion which has been studied since it was first described in 1860 by German psychologist Gustav Theodor Fechner. The illusion consists of a series of parallel, horizontal lines with alternating black and white stripes. When viewed at a distance, the lines appear to be converging or diverging, even …
Zoosadism: An Exploration of Animal Abuse in Captivity Animal abuse in captivity is a serious issue that is often overlooked. Zoosadism is a term that has been used to refer to the intentional infliction of pain, suffering, and/or death on animals in captivity. This article will provide an exploration of the prevalence of zoosadism, its …
Zarontin (ethosuximide) is a medication used to treat certain types of seizures, specifically absence seizures in children. It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticonvulsants, which work by blocking the action of certain brain chemicals that cause seizures. Zarontin has been used to treat seizures since the 1960s and has been found to …
