Deception is a form of social behavior that involves hiding or distorting the truth in order to influence another’s perception of reality. It has been studied for centuries and is still an area of active research today (DePaulo, Kashy, Kirkendol, Wyer, & Epstein, 1996; Epley, Whitchurch, & Gilovich, 2008). There are a variety of deceptive behaviors, such as lying, exaggeration, omission, and disguise. The motivations for deceitful behavior vary widely, from personal gain to self-protection.
Research on deception has identified a range of psychological and social effects associated with its use. Deceptive behaviors have been linked to increased stress, anxiety, and negative emotions (Raskin & Rogers, 2000; Sporer, Schwandt, & Schwandt, 2007). In addition, individuals engaging in deceitful behavior are often perceived as untrustworthy and are less likely to gain the trust of others (Burgoon, Guerrero, & Floyd, 2009).
On the other hand, there are also potential benefits associated with deceptive behavior. Studies have found that those who use deception often have higher levels of self-esteem and are better able to manipulate their social environments (Vrij, 2008). Additionally, deception can be used strategically to protect one’s interests in a variety of situations (DePaulo et al., 1996).
Overall, deception is a complex phenomenon with a variety of psychological and social implications. The motivations for deceptive behaviors, the potential consequences, and the potential benefits of deceitful behavior all warrant further research.
References
Burgoon, J. K., Guerrero, L. K., & Floyd, K. (2009). Nonverbal communication. London: Routledge.
DePaulo, B. M., Kashy, D. A., Kirkendol, S. E., Wyer, M. M., & Epstein, J. A. (1996). Lying in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 979-995.
Epley, N., Whitchurch, E., & Gilovich, T. (2008). Mirror, mirror on the wall: Enhancement in self-recognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(5), 624-637.
Raskin, D. C., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). Narcissism and the use of personal deception. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(10), 1093-1103.
Sporer, S. L., Schwandt, B., & Schwandt, P. (2007). Strategic use of deception in interpersonal conflict. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(4), 317-340.
Vrij, A. (2008). Detecting lies and deceit: Pitfalls and opportunities (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley.