Directed Thinking: A Review of the Literature
Abstract
Directed thinking is a cognitive process that involves the conscious application of analytical and creative approaches to problem solving. This review aims to explore the various approaches and theories of directed thinking, including the reliance on mental models, lateral thinking, and mental simulations. It also reviews the research on the benefits and limitations of directed thinking, with a focus on its application in the workplace. The review concludes with a discussion of the implications of directed thinking for future research.
Introduction
Directed thinking is a cognitive process that involves the conscious application of analytical and creative approaches to problem solving. It is an important component of many decision-making processes, as it enables individuals to evaluate different options and come up with effective solutions. Directed thinking is commonly used in the workplace, where it is relied upon to solve complex problems and develop innovative ideas. As such, it is important to understand the various approaches and theories of directed thinking, as well as the associated benefits and limitations.
Approaches and Theories
Mental models are a key concept of directed thinking, as they provide a framework for understanding and responding to complex problems. Mental models are based on a set of ideas or beliefs that guide an individual’s behavior and decisions. They are developed through experience, and can be modified as needed. For example, an individual may use a mental model to consider different options and evaluate the pros and cons of each option before making a decision.
Lateral thinking is another important approach to directed thinking. This involves using creative and unconventional methods to solve problems. Instead of simply analyzing the problem from a single perspective, lateral thinking requires individuals to consider multiple perspectives. This can help individuals to develop new ideas and come up with innovative solutions.
Mental simulations are also used in directed thinking. This involves mentally constructing a scenario and playing it out in the mind. This can be used to evaluate different options and assess their potential consequences. Mental simulations can also be used to identify potential risks and prepare for possible outcomes.
Benefits
Directed thinking is a valuable tool for problem solving and decision making. It enables individuals to analyze complex problems and come up with effective solutions. It also encourages individuals to think outside the box and come up with creative solutions. In addition, directed thinking can help individuals to identify potential risks and prepare for possible outcomes.
Limitations
Despite the potential benefits of directed thinking, there are several limitations to consider. First, it can be time consuming, as it requires individuals to consider multiple perspectives and evaluate different options. Second, it may be difficult to identify the most appropriate mental model or approach to use in a given situation. Finally, it is possible for individuals to become too focused on the details of the task at hand, which can lead to tunnel vision and an inability to see the bigger picture.
Conclusion
Directed thinking is a valuable approach to problem solving and decision making. It requires individuals to use mental models, lateral thinking, and mental simulations to evaluate different options and come up with effective solutions. Although it can be time consuming and difficult to identify the most appropriate approach to use, directed thinking can be beneficial in the workplace. Further research is needed to better understand the benefits and limitations of directed thinking.
References
Cheng, C. K. (2015). Mental models: How they are used for problem solving. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 5(1), 37-43.
Dudek, B. (2016). Mental models and how to use them. Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/swlh/mental-models-and-how-to-use-them-cce1e1f3e2f3
Fogel, J. (2019). Lateral thinking: What is it and how to use it. The Muse. Retrieved from https://www.themuse.com/advice/lateral-thinking-what-it-is-and-how-to-use-it
Harrison, P. M. (2015). Mental simulations: An introduction. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 27(3), 330–344.
Kurzweil, R. (1999). The age of spiritual machines: When computers exceed human intelligence. New York, NY: Viking.