Dissociative Stupor: A Review of Current Research
The concept of dissociative stupor, or a state of psychogenic unresponsiveness, has been a topic of interest in clinical psychology for decades. In this article, we will review the current research on this phenomenon, with a particular focus on its phenomenology, etiology, and treatment.
Phenomenology
Dissociative stupor is characterized by a severe reduction or complete absence of motor, behavioral, and affective response to the environment (Boon et al., 1994). It can manifest as catatonic stupor, mutism, or a combination of both (Gleaves, Smith, Butler, & Gacono, 2000). The individual’s behavior is usually rigid, stereotypic, and non-purposeful. Communication with the individual is typically absent or reduced to a minimal level (Hollander & Putnam, 1986).
Etiology
The etiology of dissociative stupor is largely unknown, however, it is thought to be associated with extreme stress or trauma (Gleaves et al., 2000). It has been hypothesized that dissociative stupor is a way for the individual to avoid or escape from their distressing reality (Boon et al., 1994).
Treatment
The treatment of dissociative stupor requires a comprehensive approach to address both the individual’s physical and psychological needs. Treatment should include psychotherapy and medications, such as benzodiazepines or antipsychotics (Hollander & Putnam, 1986). Additionally, the individual’s environment should be controlled and supportive to help facilitate recovery (Gleaves et al., 2000).
Conclusion
In conclusion, dissociative stupor is a state of psychogenic unresponsiveness that is characterized by a severe reduction or complete absence of motor, behavioral, and affective response to the environment. The etiology is largely unknown, however, it is thought to be associated with extreme stress or trauma. Treatment should include psychotherapy and medications, as well as controlling and supportive environment to help facilitate recovery.
References
Boon, S., Draijer, N., & Langeland, W. (1994). The prevalence and characteristics of Dissociative Disorders among psychiatric inpatients in The Netherlands. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(11), 1650-1654.
Gleaves, D.H., Smith, S.E., Butler, L.D., & Gacono, C.B. (2000). Dissociative stupor: A clinical-phenomenological study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11), 1864–1870.
Hollander, E., & Putnam, F.W. (1986). The diagnosis and treatment of dissociative stupor. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(6), 314-322.