Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an important region of the brain that plays a role in higher-order cognitive functions. It is involved in working memory, executive functions, decision-making, and the integration of sensory and motor information. Studies suggest that the DLPFC is associated with a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This article reviews current research on the structure and function of the DLPFC and its involvement in disorders.
Introduction
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a region of the brain located in the frontal lobe, just behind the forehead. It is part of the frontal lobe’s executive network, which is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions. The DLPFC is involved in working memory, executive functions, decision-making, and the integration of sensory and motor information. It is also thought to be involved in the regulation of emotions, behavior, and thought processes.
Structure and Function
The DLPFC is composed of three distinct layers. Layer 2 is the most superficial layer, and is composed of pyramidal neurons. Layer 3 is composed of both pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons, while layer 5 is composed of non-pyramidal neurons. Each layer is important in different cognitive functions. For example, layer 2 is important for working memory and executive functions, while layer 3 is important for motor control.
The DLPFC is also involved in decision-making and problem-solving. It has been suggested that the DLPFC is responsible for the integration of different pieces of information, such as sensory and motor information, to form a cohesive whole. It is also important for the evaluation of possible outcomes of a given situation.
Involvement in Disorders
The DLPFC is involved in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Studies have found that the DLPFC is associated with schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Studies have found that in individuals with schizophrenia, the DLPFC is smaller and less active than in healthy individuals. This suggests that the DLPFC may play a role in the development of schizophrenia.
Studies have also found that individuals with Alzheimer’s disease have reduced activity in the DLPFC. This suggests that the DLPFC may be involved in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Finally, studies have found that individuals with ADHD have reduced activity in the DLPFC. This suggests that the DLPFC may be involved in the regulation of attention and impulsivity in individuals with ADHD.
Conclusion
The DLPFC is an important region of the brain that is involved in higher order cognitive functions, such as working memory, executive functions, and decision-making. It is also associated with a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
References
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Mansur, R. G., Lloyd, C. A., & Suckow, R. F. (2014). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cognitive control. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(3), 851-869.
Vasylenko, N., & Seamans, J. K. (2017). Role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in decision-making and cognitive control. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 77, 312-331.