Intersexuality, also known as DSD (disorders of sexual development), is a term used to describe individuals who are born with sex characteristics that do not fit the typical definitions of male or female. Intersexuality is not a single condition, but rather an umbrella term that encompasses a variety of conditions involving reproductive anatomy, hormone levels, and/or chromosomal patterns that do not fit the typical definitions of male or female (Karkazis, 2008).
Intersexuality is a complex and relatively rare phenomenon, affecting approximately 1 in 1,500 to 2,000 births (Karkazis, 2008). Although intersexuality is not a single condition, many intersex individuals have some form of atypical genitalia or hormonal makeup that is different from the typical male or female designation (Karkazis, 2008). For example, some intersex individuals may have genitals that are ambiguous in terms of their sex, or they may have genitals that are typically male but with a female hormonal makeup. Other individuals may have sex chromosomes that are different from the typical XX or XY patterns (Karkazis, 2008).
The diagnosis and treatment of intersexuality is controversial and complex. In the past, intersex infants were often treated surgically to “normalize” their appearance, and medical professionals often advocated for surgical intervention to “correct” ambiguous genitalia (Karkazis, 2008). However, many intersex individuals and their families now advocate for a more conservative approach to medical treatment, arguing that any treatment should be delayed until the individual is able to decide for themselves what treatment they prefer (Karkazis, 2008).
In recent years, there has been increasing discussion of intersexuality in the media and popular culture. This has raised awareness of intersexuality and has led to a greater acceptance of intersex individuals in society. However, there is still much work to be done in terms of understanding the needs and experiences of intersex individuals and providing them with supportive medical and social care.
References
Karkazis, K. (2008). Fixing sex: Intersex, medical authority, and lived experience. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.