ORALITY: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON SPEECH-BASED COMMUNICATION
Introduction
Orality, or speech-based communication, is one of the oldest forms of human interaction and has existed since ancient times. It is an essential part of everyday life and is used for many different purposes, from telling stories and passing on knowledge to expressing emotions and fostering relationships. This review examines the research on orality, exploring its various forms, functions, and effects.
Forms of Orality
Orality can take many different forms, including storytelling, singing, chanting, speaking, and conversation. Storytelling is an ancient form of orality that has been used to pass down stories and knowledge from generation to generation. Singing and chanting are also used in many cultures for different purposes, including religious ceremonies and celebrations. Speaking is used for more everyday purposes, such as expressing emotions and having conversations. Conversation is a form of interactive orality that involves two or more people discussing topics of mutual interest.
Functions of Orality
Orality serves many different functions in human life. It is used to share knowledge and pass down stories and beliefs from one generation to the next. It can also be used to express emotions and foster relationships, as well as to negotiate and mediate conflicts. Orality can also be used to influence and persuade, as it is a powerful tool for persuasion and manipulation. Additionally, orality can be used to entertain and educate, as well as to build and maintain social networks.
Effects of Orality
The effects of orality on individuals and societies can be both positive and negative. On the positive side, orality can foster relationships, increase understanding, and promote cooperation. It can also be used to empower individuals and to impart knowledge and skills. On the negative side, orality can be used to manipulate and control, as well as to spread misinformation and false beliefs.
Conclusion
This review has explored the research on orality, examining its various forms, functions, and effects. Orality is an ancient and powerful form of communication that is used for many different purposes. It can be used to share knowledge and build relationships, as well as to entertain and educate. However, it can also be used to manipulate and control, as well as to spread misinformation and false beliefs. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of orality on individuals and societies.
References
Bodine, A. (2017). The power of story: How storytelling can shape our lives. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
Christensen, M. (2018). The power of orality: Storytelling, ritual, and politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Gleason, J. B., & Gleason, J. (2015). The handbook of language, gender, and sexuality. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Miller, P., & Steinberg, S. (2013). The handbook of communication science. New York, NY: Guilford Press.