Introduction and Origins Objectivism is a comprehensive philosophical system meticulously developed by the Russian-American writer and thinker, Ayn Rand (1905–1982), primarily during the mid-20th century. This systematic worldview was initially presented not in traditional academic literature, but integrated into her highly influential fictional works, most notably the 1957 novel, Atlas Shrugged, and The Fountainhead (1943). […]
Introduction and Definitional Scope The concept of False Belief operates as a cornerstone across various disciplines, particularly within cognitive psychology, developmental science, and philosophy of mind. Fundamentally, a false belief can be defined as an internal cognitive representation of the world that does not correspond accurately to objective, verifiable reality. This definition underscores the critical […]
Introduction to Probabilism Probabilism, as a comprehensive philosophical and empirical concept, represents the doctrine that certainty regarding knowledge or action is often unattainable, and therefore, reasoning and decision-making must rely upon the assessment of probabilities. This framework is distinct from strict determinism or absolute skepticism, positioning itself as a pragmatic middle ground where high degrees […]
Defining Scientific Rationality Scientific rationality refers to the specific characteristics of logic and sound judgment which fundamentally distinguish, or ought to distinguish, the process of scientific investigation from other modes of inquiry or belief formation. It is not merely the application of common sense or everyday reasoning; rather, it is a highly structured, systematic approach […]
The concept of RATIONAL in psychology refers primarily to the state or quality of being in accordance with reason and logic, encompassing higher cognitive functions necessary for complex decision-making and problem-solving. This term describes mental activity that adheres rigorously to accepted principles of reasoning, ensuring internal consistency and alignment with external evidence. Furthermore, a central […]
Rationality The Essence of Rationality: A Core Definition Rationality is a multifaceted concept that has been a cornerstone of philosophical inquiry, economic theory, and psychological understanding for centuries. At its most fundamental level, it refers to the quality of being guided by or based on reason and logic rather than emotion or intuition. This encompasses […]