TIME-OUT THEORY: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF TIME-OUT IN MANAGING CHILD BEHAVIOR
Time-out is a form of behavioral intervention used to manage inappropriate behavior in children. It involves the temporary removal of a child from reinforcement in order to reduce the frequency of problem behavior (Kazdin, 2008). Time-out has been studied extensively in the literature and is widely used by parents, caregivers, and professionals. This review will provide an overview of the research on the effectiveness of time-out in managing child behavior.
Empirical research supports the use of time-out as an effective method for reducing problem behaviors in children. Studies have found that time-out is associated with decreases in disruptive behavior in both clinical and non-clinical samples (Fox & Patterson, 2008; Kazdin, 2008). In addition, time-out has been found to be effective in improving compliance to requests and increasing on-task behavior (Fox & Patterson, 2008). Moreover, research has shown that time-out is associated with improved parent-child relationships (Kazdin, 2008).
The evidence for the effectiveness of time-out has been bolstered by research examining the long-term effects of time-out. Studies have found that time-out can lead to lasting reductions in problem behaviors, with effects lasting up to six months following the cessation of time-out (Fox & Patterson, 2008). Furthermore, research has found that time-out is associated with improved academic performance in the classroom (Fox & Patterson, 2008).
Despite the effectiveness of time-out in managing child behavior, there are several important considerations to keep in mind when using time-out. First, time-out should not be used as a punishment, but rather as an opportunity for the child to calm down and self-regulate. Second, it is important to ensure that the duration of the time-out is appropriate for the child’s age and development level. Finally, it is essential to provide clear rules and expectations to the child prior to implementing time-out.
In conclusion, time-out is a highly effective form of behavioral intervention used to manage inappropriate behavior in children. Research has demonstrated that time-out is associated with decreases in disruptive behavior, improved compliance to requests, and improved parent-child relationships. Moreover, time-out has been shown to lead to lasting reductions in problem behaviors and improved academic performance. However, it is important to consider several important factors when using time-out, including the duration of the time-out and the child’s age and development level.
References
Fox, L., & Patterson, C. J. (2008). The effects of time-out on children’s disruptive behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 182-203.
Kazdin, A. E. (2008). Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford Press.