Dysbasia: A Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Dysbasia, also known as Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects motor and coordination skills. It is characterized by difficulty in the acquisition and performance of skills related to movement, balance, and coordination. It is estimated to affect 5-6 % of the population, with boys, girls, and adults of all ages and ethnicities being equally at risk (Rosenblum et al., 2018).
Although the exact cause of Dysbasia is unknown, it is believed to be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic, environmental, and social. It has been suggested that individuals with Dysbasia may have an imbalance in the dopamine system, a neurotransmitter involved in movement and coordination (Rosenblum et al., 2018). Additionally, research has suggested that environmental risk factors, such as low socioeconomic status and maternal smoking during pregnancy, may be associated with Dysbasia (Gillberg, Billstedt, & Gillberg, 2007).
Individuals with Dysbasia often experience difficulties with fine and gross motor skills, such as handwriting, riding a bike, and tying shoelaces. They may also have difficulty with balance and coordination, and may have difficulty following instructions or staying organized. Additionally, Dysbasia can impact social skills, as individuals may be more likely to experience social isolation and difficulty making and keeping friends (Rosenblum et al., 2018).
Due to the varying symptoms of Dysbasia, diagnosis is often difficult, and may involve a combination of assessments. These assessments may include physical and occupational therapy assessments, as well as cognitive and academic assessments. Treatment typically focuses on helping individuals to develop their skills and improve their coordination and balance, as well as helping them to develop strategies for managing their difficulties (Rosenblum et al., 2018).
In conclusion, Dysbasia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects motor and coordination skills. Its etiology is not fully understood, but may involve genetic, environmental, and social factors. Individuals with Dysbasia may experience difficulty with fine and gross motor skills, as well as difficulty with balance and coordination. Diagnosis and treatment typically involve physical and occupational therapy assessments, cognitive and academic assessments, and strategies for managing difficulties.
References
Gillberg, C., Billstedt, E., & Gillberg, I.C. (2007). Risk factors in the development of Developmental Coordination Disorder: A population-based study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(2), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00118.x
Rosenblum, K., Cermak, S.A., & Larkin, K. (2018). Developmental Coordination Disorder. In G.G. Bear, K.M. Minke, & A. Thomas (Eds.), Children’s needs: Developmental and psychosocial perspectives (5th ed., pp. 541–561). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.