Observational methods have been used to study human behavior since the early days of psychology. This method is used to observe, measure, and record the behavior of individuals or groups in a natural setting without any intervention. Observational methods can be either qualitative or quantitative in nature and provide important information about behavior.
Qualitative observational methods involve the use of non-standardized techniques such as open-ended interviews, participant observation, and field notes. These techniques are used to gain insights into the behavior of individuals or groups through direct observation, often in natural settings. Qualitative observational methods are particularly useful for gaining a more nuanced understanding of behavior because they allow researchers to capture the richness of behavior that cannot be easily quantified.
Quantitative observational methods involve the use of standardized techniques to measure behavior. Examples of quantitative observational methods include structured observations, coding schemes, and time sampling. These methods are used to measure behavior in more objective and quantifiable ways, thus providing valuable information about behavior that can be used to inform theory and practice.
Observational methods are widely used in psychology to study behavior, particularly in areas such as developmental, social, and clinical psychology. This method can be a valuable tool for researchers to gain insights into the behavior of individuals or groups and to inform theory and practice.
References
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Frost, L. A., & Reich, A. (2009). Qualitative research methods in psychology. Sage.
Griest, D. L. (2010). Qualitative research methods for psychologists: Introduction through empirical studies. Academic Press.
McLeod, S. A. (2016). Observational methods in psychology. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/observational-methods.html
Rudestam, K. E., & Newton, R. R. (2007). Surviving your dissertation: A comprehensive guide to content and process (3rd ed.). Sage.