Optimal Level Theory (OLT) is a psychological theory that suggests that individuals strive to maintain an optimal level of arousal in order to optimize their performance and well-being. This theory is based on the Inverted-U hypothesis, which states that performance is maximized when an individual is in an optimal state of arousal (U-shaped curve) (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908). The Inverted-U hypothesis suggests that performance is best when an individual is neither under- nor over-aroused. If an individual is under-aroused, they may be unable to perform at their best, while if they are over-aroused, their performance may suffer due to excessive stress. The optimal level of arousal can vary from individual to individual and is dependent on the type of task or activity being performed.
OLT suggests that individuals strive to maintain this optimal level of arousal in order to maximize their performance and well-being. According to this theory, individuals monitor their own arousal levels and adjust their behavior accordingly in order to maintain the optimal level. This could involve engaging in activities that increase arousal, such as exercise, or activities that decrease arousal, such as relaxation techniques. The theory also suggests that individuals are motivated to avoid both under- and over-arousal, as both states can be detrimental to performance and well-being.
OLT has been used to explain a range of psychological phenomena, such as the effects of stress on performance (Cohn, 1992). It has also been used to explain the effects of different types of motivation on performance, such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Furthermore, OLT has been used to explain the effects of anxiety on performance, such as the Yerkes-Dodson law (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908).
In conclusion, Optimal Level Theory is a psychological theory that suggests that individuals strive to maintain an optimal level of arousal in order to maximize their performance and well-being. This theory is based on the Inverted-U hypothesis and has been used to explain a range of psychological phenomena.
References
Cohn, E. (1992). Stress, arousal, and performance: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 29-49.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.